Final Answer:
The answer is d. All of the above. Controlled braking is a versatile technique used to prevent skidding, involving methods such as anti-lock braking systems (ABS) to maintain stability. It also includes briefly locking the wheels for optimal stopping power and can be applied while turning sharply to manage speed and direction effectively.
Step-by-step explanation:
Controlled braking, as encompassed by option d, involves various techniques to enhance vehicle control and safety. Firstly, it is used to prevent a vehicle from skidding, which is crucial for maintaining stability during sudden stops or adverse road conditions.
Secondly, controlled braking may involve momentarily locking the wheels to optimize stopping power while avoiding extended wheel lockup, contributing to effective braking. Lastly, it can be employed while turning sharply to manage the vehicle's speed and direction simultaneously, showcasing its versatility in different driving scenarios.
Breaking down each option:
a. "Used to keep a vehicle from skidding" aligns with the concept of anti-lock braking systems (ABS), which prevent skidding during braking by modulating brake pressure.
b. "Involves locking the wheels for short periods of time" refers to controlled wheel lockup, a technique used in some braking systems to optimize stopping distance without compromising control.
c. "Can be used while you are turning sharply" emphasizes the importance of controlled braking during maneuvers to prevent skidding and maintain stability.
In summary, option d captures the comprehensive nature of controlled braking techniques, making it a fundamental aspect of safe and effective driving. Understanding and applying controlled braking methods contribute significantly to overall vehicle control and road safety.