Final answer:
Roseola infantum is a viral infection in children associated with a high fever followed by a macular or papular rash. It is typically caused by HHV-6 and resolves on its own, though fever may be treated to improve comfort.
Step-by-step explanation:
Roseola infantum, also known as exanthem subitum, is a common viral infection in children, mainly caused by human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6). It typically presents with a high fever and is followed by the appearance of a rash once the fever subsides. After an abrupt onset of high fever, which may reach 39.4 ℃, the child might show symptoms such as a runny nose, a sore throat, and a cough.
Approximately three to five days after the fever drops, a pink macular or papular rash appears, starting on the chest and abdomen and sometimes spreading to arms and neck. This rash does not generally cause discomfort and may continue to the face and legs. Diagnosis is mainly clinical; however, serological tests can confirm it. Roseola usually resolves on its own, but fever can be managed with treatment. Antiviral medication, like ganciclovir, may be necessary for immunocompromised individuals.