Final answer:
Familial Hibernian fever, also known as TNF receptor 1 associated periodic syndrome, is characterized by recurring episodes of high fever, ocular pain, headaches, and severe pain in bones. It can also lead to transaminitis, anemia, and abdominal issues, and in severe cases, jaundice, hypotension, and even potential kidney failure and death.
Step-by-step explanation:
The TNF receptor 1 associated periodic syndrome, also known as familial Hibernian fever, is a chronic disease typically presenting as an acute febrile illness. Patients with this condition frequently experience sudden high fever, often between 40-41°C (104-105.8°F). Accompanying symptoms often include severe conjunctivitis, ocular pain, headaches, and profound muscle and bone pain, particularly in the shins, neck, and back.
Furthermore, individuals suffering from this syndrome may exhibit signs of malaise, anemia, abdominal symptoms, and transaminitis. In more severe cases, complications can arise such as cholangitis, cirrhosis, pancreatitis, cholecystitis, and the development of gallstones. It is not uncommon for patients to experience recurrent episodes of these symptoms, which may lead to other serious conditions like jaundice, hypotension, and in extreme cases, disseminated intravascular coagulation that can result in kidney failure and, potentially, death.
The cyclical nature of the symptoms, including periods of fever followed by remission, may resemble patterns seen in relapsing fevers, but they are due to different underlying mechanisms. Cytokines play a role in the presentation of symptoms, promoting behaviors such as rest that help contain the spread of infection to others while also activating the body's defense mechanisms such as nutritional immunity.