Final answer:
Dermatological findings in tuberous sclerosis include hypopigmented macules, facial angiofibromas, and shagreen patches. Diagnosis is often made through a clinical exam but can be confirmed with genetic testing. Other common symptoms are seizures and developmental delays.
Step-by-step explanation:
Dermatological findings are a key feature of tuberous sclerosis, a genetic disorder affecting many systems of the body, including the skin. This condition is characterized by the growth of benign tumors in various organs. Specific skin manifestations include hypopigmented macules (often referred to as ash leaf spots), which are light-colored patches on the skin, facial angiofibromas (small red bumps on the face, especially the nose and cheeks), and shagreen patches (thick, leathery skin usually found on the lower back). Fingernails and toenails may also display pits or grooves. The diagnosis is typically made via a clinical examination, though genetic testing can confirm the diagnosis.
To further support the diagnosis, physicians may observe other symptoms such as seizures, developmental delays, and behavioral problems, which are common in tuberous sclerosis. For patients presenting with skin abnormalities, a thorough evaluation is imperative for proper management and treatment.