Final answer:
Insulin is the first-line pharmacologic treatment for Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) due to its safety for the fetus. For type 2 diabetes in non-pregnant patients, medications like metformin are commonly used as first-line treatments. Lifestyle changes are also important in managing diabetes.
Step-by-step explanation:
The first-line pharmacologic therapy for Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) involves insulin treatment. Insulin is the primary medication used to manage hyperglycemia in GDM because it does not cross the placenta and thus does not affect the fetus. For non-pregnant patients with type 2 diabetes, medications that enhance pancreatic function and increase insulin sensitivity, like metformin, are often used as first-line therapy. However, insulin is preferred for GDM to ensure fetal safety. Patients are also encouraged to make lifestyle changes that include moderate weight loss, increased physical activity, and consumption of a healthful diet, which can all complement pharmacologic treatment.