Final answer:
A mother positive for HBsAg and HBeAg has a higher risk of transmitting Hepatitis B to the baby, especially during delivery. The risk is lower but still present if she is HBeAg negative. Preventative measures include antiviral treatments and immediate vaccination and HBIG administration to the newborn.
Step-by-step explanation:
If a mother is positive for Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and Hepatitis B e-antigen (HBeAg), the risk of passing the virus to the baby increases. An HBsAg positive mother has been infected with the Hepatitis B virus (HBV), which can be transmitted to her child at birth. If she is also HBeAg positive, this indicates a higher level of virus in her blood and a greater potential for transmission. On the other hand, if the mother is HBeAg negative, while still HBsAg positive, the risk of transmission is lower, but still present. The risk is particularly high during the delivery process when the baby comes into contact with the mother's blood and body fluids.
It is important for an HBsAg positive mother to receive proper medical care during pregnancy to reduce the risk of transmitting HBV to the baby. Interventions include antiviral treatment during the third trimester and administering the Hepatitis B vaccine and Hepatitis B immune globulin (HBIG) to the newborn within 12 hours of birth, which can significantly lower the risk of the baby becoming infected.