Final answer:
Arnold-Chiari malformation II is associated with a range of neurological deficits and complications including hydrocephalus, brainstem and spinal cord abnormalities, and a tethered spinal cord, leading to various symptoms and requiring continuous monitoring.
Step-by-step explanation:
The Arnold-Chiari malformation II is a neurological condition often associated with myelomeningocele, a type of spina bifida where there is a defect in the spinal column. In Arnold-Chiari malformation II, there is a downward displacement of the cerebellar vermis and tonsils through the foramen magnum into the cervical spinal canal. This can result in several neurological deficits and complications.
Associated findings may include hydrocephalus, which is an accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid in the brain leading to increased intracranial pressure. There can also be abnormalities in the structure of the brainstem and spinal cord, which can affect a range of bodily functions. The malformation can cause symptoms like difficulty swallowing, altered gag reflex, nystagmus, and respiratory problems. Furthermore, it can lead to a tethered spinal cord, a condition where the spinal cord is abnormally attached within the spine, and can result in motor and sensory deficits. It's essential for individuals with Arnold-Chiari malformation II to be monitored closely for the development of these and other potential complications throughout their lifetimes.