Final answer:
GDM is treated with a combination of lifestyle changes and medications. Second-line medications for GDM include insulin and metformin. Third-line medications like glyburide or glipizide may be used if blood sugar levels remain uncontrolled.
Step-by-step explanation:
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) is a condition that occurs during pregnancy where the expectant mother develops high blood sugar levels. It is typically managed through a combination of lifestyle changes and pharmacological interventions.
The first-line treatment for GDM is usually dietary modifications and regular physical activity. However, if blood sugar levels remain uncontrolled, second-line medications may be added.
Second-line medications for treating GDM pharmacologically include drugs such as insulin and metformin. Insulin is the most commonly prescribed medication as it helps regulate blood sugar levels effectively. Metformin, an oral medication, may be used as an alternative in cases where insulin is not well-tolerated.
In certain situations, if blood sugar levels continue to be uncontrolled with second-line medications, third-line medications like glyburide or glipizide may be considered. These medications work by stimulating the pancreas to produce more insulin.