Final answer:
The question addresses the risk of pre-eclampsia relative to fasting glucose levels. Normal fasting glucose levels are below 100 mg/100 ml, pre-diabetic levels are between 100-125 mg/100 ml, and diabetic levels are above 125 mg/100 ml. Understanding glucose metabolism and tolerance is vital for assessing the risk associated with pre-eclampsia.
Step-by-step explanation:
The question pertains to the risk of pre-eclampsia (pre-E) associated with different fasting glucose levels. To understand this risk, it's essential to grasp the normal levels of glucose in various nutritional states. A normal fasting or post-absorptive state, occurring 12-14 hours after a meal, ranges from 60-90 mg/100 ml. However, for diagnosis purposes, a fasting glucose level below 100 mg/100 ml is considered normal while a level between 100-125 mg/100 ml indicates pre-diabetes, and levels higher than 125 mg/100 ml diagnose diabetes. For a person with normal glucose metabolism, the glucose level rises upon ingesting glucose and falls back to normal within 2½ hours due to insulin secretion. In contrast, a person with diabetes will experience a steep rise in blood glucose after consuming glucose and will not return to normal levels even after 2½ hours, indicating glucose intolerance.
When looking at the risk of pre-E, it's important to consider these glucose levels in relation to pregnancy. Typically, women with higher fasting glucose levels might be at an increased risk for conditions such as pre-eclampsia, although the exact percentage risk is not provided here. Furthermore, the glucose tolerance test (GTT) is used to assess how well a person manages glucose and can be indicative of gestational diabetes, which is associated with pre-E.
Glucose levels can be measured in different ways—fasting measures are taken after no caloric intake for at least 12 hours, while post-prandial levels are checked 1-2 hours after a meal. Random glucose levels can be tested at any time after meals. These tests collectively help to determine a person's ability to regulate glucose and consequently their risk for conditions such as pre-eclampsia.