Final answer:
The two-step approach for diagnosing GDM involves an initial glucose challenge test followed by a confirmatory glucose tolerance test if needed, with further testing to determine the type of diabetes if hyperglycemia is detected.
Step-by-step explanation:
The predominant two-step approach to diagnosing Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) includes an initial screening using a glucose challenge test and, if necessary, a follow-up glucose tolerance test (GTT). The first step often involves the patient consuming a glucose-rich drink followed by a plasma glucose measurement after 1 hour. If the result exceeds a certain threshold, the glucose tolerance test (GTT) is performed wherein the patient's blood glucose levels are measured over several hours after consuming a glucose solution. A positive GTT indicates hyperglycemia, which necessitates further testing to differentiate between insulin-dependent and insulin-independent diabetes, using additional procedures such as the Insulin Tolerance Test (ITT) and the Glucagon Tolerance Test (GuTT). Diagnosis of diabetes is confirmed when blood glucose levels are seen higher than normal, a condition known as hyperglycemia. Treatment options vary from lifestyle modifications like diet and exercise to medications including insulin or other pharmacological agents that enhance pancreatic function.