Final answer:
Leukocytosis is an excessive proliferation of leukocytes, often leading to a high count of nonfunctional white blood cells, while leukopenia is the below-normal production of leukocytes, both conditions resulting in increased risk for disease. Leukemia and lymphoma are cancers involving leukocytes, greatly affecting the body's immune function.
Step-by-step explanation:
Leukocytosis and leukopenia are two conditions related to the abnormal production of leukocytes, which are white blood cells that play a crucial role in the body's immune response. Leukopenia refers to a condition where there is a below-normal production of leukocytes. This can leave an individual more susceptible to infections as there are not enough white blood cells to ward off disease. On the other hand, leukocytosis is characterized by excessive leukocyte proliferation, which seems contrary to leukopenia, but even though leukocyte counts are high, these cells are often nonfunctional and therefore the individual is still at an increased risk for disease.
Leukemia is another condition related to leukocytes, where there is an abundance of these cells due to cancer. It affects either the myeloid or lymphoid line of leukocytes, with the accumulation of mature leukocytes that fail to die or an overproduction of immature, malfunctioning leukocytes. Similarly, lymphoma is a form of cancer where malignant T and/or B lymphocytes accumulate. Both these conditions hint at the complexity and critical function of leukocytes in the immune system.