Final answer:
A tracheostomy is performed for various reasons such as severe airway obstructions or long-term mechanical ventilation. It has both pros, such as reducing aspiration risk, and cons like potential infection. The tracheostomy tube needs regular, professional changes, and the site should be cleaned with sterile saline to prevent infection.
Step-by-step explanation:
A tracheostomy is a medical procedure where an opening is created surgically through the neck into the trachea (windpipe) to allow direct access to the breathing tube. It is typically performed when a patient needs long-term mechanical ventilation or when there is an obstruction in the upper airways. Common reasons for a tracheostomy include severe neck or mouth injuries, anaphylaxis, chronic lung diseases, neurological disorders that impair breathing, and cancer of the neck or throat.
The pros of a tracheostomy include bypassing upper airway obstructions, reducing the risk of aspiration, and providing a secure airway during extended mechanical ventilation. Cons may involve the risk of infection, scarring, and the need for ongoing care and cleaning of the tracheostomy site.
The tracheostomy tube should be changed regularly to prevent infection and ensure the patency of the airway. The frequency of changes depends on various factors including the type of tracheostomy tube, the patient's condition, and the presence of any complications. A healthcare professional should always perform the change.
The site and the tube should be cleaned with sterile saline solution. It is critical to maintain a sterile environment to prevent infection. Proper hand hygiene and use of clean gloves are essential during the cleaning process.