Final answer:
Normal intracranial pressure ranges from 5 to 15 mm Hg and abnormal pressures are considered to be above 20 mm Hg. Elevated ICP can be managed with various therapies including medication and surgical interventions. Accurate measurement and prompt treatment are critical for preventing long-term neurological damage.
Step-by-step explanation:
Normal intracranial pressure (ICP) ranges from 5 to 15 mm Hg. The pressure is exerted by cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), which provides flotation to the brain, balancing out the brain's weight. Elevated ICP can lead to serious neurological deficits and must be managed promptly. Abnormal pressures are generally considered to be above 20 mm Hg. Elevated ICP can constrain cerebral blood flow, leading to neuronal damage. Various therapies can be used to reduce elevated ICP, such as head elevation, diuretics to reduce fluid volume, sedation to lower metabolic demand, and surgical intervention in severe cases to relieve pressure.
Treating elevated ICP is critical as it can cause severe headaches, restricted blood flow, and brain damage. Measurements are typically taken via a needle inserted between vertebrae, transmitting the pressure to a measuring device. If ICP is not managed effectively, it can lead to long-term neurological impairments or can be life-threatening.