Final answer:
A Contaminated Runway, as defined in the GOM, is a runway with surface contaminants that can impair aircraft performance during takeoff and landing, such as water, ice, or rubber deposits.
Step-by-step explanation:
A Contaminated Runway according to the General Operations Manual (GOM) refers to a runway which has surface covered by substances that can potentially reduce the performance of an aircraft during takeoff and landing. These substances include standing water, ice, snow, slush, or even rubber deposits from tire wear. The contamination can affect aircraft braking performance and steering, posing a serious risk to safe aircraft operation.
Understanding runway contamination is critical for pilots and ground personnel to make informed decisions related to aircraft performance calculations, as well as to implement adequate safety protocols. Mitigating the risks associated with contaminated runways often involves coordination with airport maintenance personnel for snow removal, de-icing, and runway surface treatments to ensure that the minimum friction levels are maintained for safe takeoffs and landings.