Final answer:
Optimal speeds for dealing with severe turbulence vary based on vehicle type, design limits, and atmospheric conditions. A three-blade turbine operates efficiently at tip speeds of 42-56 m/s in moderate wind, which differs from the fuel-efficient cruising speeds of cars (70-80 km/h). Aircraft have specific turbulence penetration speeds designated for safety.
Step-by-step explanation:
When considering what speeds are best for dealing with severe turbulence at various altitudes, one might look at different factors, including the design limits of aircraft and turbines, atmospheric conditions, and vehicle aerodynamics. For instance, the recommended fuel-efficient cruising speed for a car is about 70-80 km/h (45-50 mi/h) to minimize air drag, which consumes over 50% of a car’s power at highway speeds. However, aircraft and wind turbines operate under different considerations.
For a three-blade turbine, the optimal tip speed is approximately 6-8 times the wind speed. When wind speeds are at a moderate 7 m/s, the tip speed for peak efficiency in these turbines would be in the range of 42-56 m/s, which is significantly higher than typical freeway driving speeds. Comparatively, in aircraft, Bernoulli's principle indicates that air must move faster over the wing's upper surface to create lift, especially at high speeds of 245 m/s at reduced air densities at higher altitudes.
Lastly, it is worth noting that aerodynamic efficiency and flight safety during severe turbulence are complex subjects that also involve the drag coefficient, which is assumed constant in this context. Pilots adjust speeds as per the airplane's operating handbook, where specific turbulence penetration speeds are specified. These speeds are calculated taking into consideration aircraft weight, design, and altitude to ensure safety and minimize the structural stress on the aircraft.