Final answer:
The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) is the agency under the Department of Labor responsible for setting and enforcing occupational health and safety rules to ensure safe working conditions.
Step-by-step explanation:
The Department of Labor agency that sets and enforces occupational health and safety rules is the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA). OSHA was established by Congress under the Occupational Safety and Health Act, signed into law on December 29, 1970, by President Richard M. Nixon. The mission of OSHA is to ensure safe and healthful working conditions for workers by setting and enforcing standards, as well as providing training, outreach, education, and assistance.
OSHA has the authority to issue workplace health and safety regulations, which include standards on hazardous chemical exposure, use of personal protective equipment, and prevention of falls and operation of dangerous equipment. To create these standards, OSHA engages in a comprehensive process including public engagement and comment, demonstrating the existence of significant risks to workers and the availability of feasible protective measures for employers to implement.