Final answer:
When PKU is detected in an infant, immediate initiation of a low phenylalanine diet is necessary to prevent brain damage and other health issues. Aspartame and foods high in phenylalanine are to be avoided, and medication such as Kuvan may be recommended. Continuous medical supervision is critical for managing PKU effectively.
Step-by-step explanation:
If Phenylketonuria (PKU) is detected in an infant, several important steps need to be followed to manage the condition. Firstly, it is crucial to start the infant on a special diet that is low in phenylalanine. Since individuals with PKU cannot adequately process this amino acid, a build-up can lead to serious health complications such as brain and central nervous system damage. The diet must strictly limit foods high in phenylalanine, like certain animal products and starches. Artificial sweeteners containing aspartame should also be avoided, as they release phenylalanine when metabolized by the body.
Monitoring and treatment may include a medication called Kuvan for some individuals with low phenylalanine hydroxylase activity. Regular follow-up with healthcare professionals, including genetic counseling for the family, is essential to ensure proper management of PKU. Early detection and treatment are key, as they can reduce the severity of symptoms and improve long-term outcomes.