Final answer:
The request to appear in court is known as a writ of certiorari, which is a petition for a higher court to review the case of a lower court. The Supreme Court commonly uses it and requires at least four Justices to agree to grant it. The writ of habeas corpus also pertains to legal rights to challenge unlawful detention.
Step-by-step explanation:
The legal term that is described as a request to appear in court is known as a writ of certiorari. This term refers to a petition asking a higher court to review the decision of a lower court. The most common situation where a writ of certiorari is applied is when a party petitions the Supreme Court to review their case. However, before a case can appear on the Supreme Court's docket, at least four of the nine Justices must vote to grant the writ, in a process known as the Rule of Four. Additionally, the writ of habeas corpus is a legal action through which a person can report an unlawful detention or imprisonment to a court and request that the court order the custodian of the person, usually a prison official, to bring the prisoner to court, to determine whether the detention is lawful.