Final answer:
To counter peripheral neuritis from Isoniazid, the co-administration of vitamin B6 (pyridoxine) is recommended. It helps reduce the neurotoxicity caused by Isoniazid. Close monitoring and potential adjustment of treatments are also important.
Step-by-step explanation:
To counter the peripheral neuritis caused by Isoniazid, which is a side effect associated with its neurotoxicity, the co-administration of vitamin B6 (pyridoxine) is often recommended. Isoniazid can cause a deficiency in vitamin B6 because of its structural resemblance, leading to neurological symptoms. By supplementing with vitamin B6, these adverse effects can be reduced or prevented.
In the treatment of tuberculosis (TB), Isoniazid, an antimetabolite with specific toxicity for mycobacteria, is activated by an intracellular bacterial peroxidase enzyme. It ultimately inhibits the synthesis of mycolic acid, essential to the mycobacterial cell wall. However, due to potential side effects like hepatotoxicity, neurotoxicity, and hematologic toxicity, adjunct supplements such as vitamin B6 are crucial.
Doctors may also monitor patients closely for signs of neurotoxicity, such as tingling, numbness, or pain in the hands and feet (peripheral neuropathy), and adjust treatments as necessary. In certain severe cases, discontinuation of Isoniazid may be required if peripheral neuritis is pronounced and does not respond to conservative measures like vitamin B6 supplementation.