Final answer:
Hypoparathyroidism leads to low levels of blood calcium and can cause symptoms such as tetany and muscle cramps due to increased membrane permeability to sodium, triggering overexcitation of nerves and muscles.
Step-by-step explanation:
The symptoms that can result from hypoparathyroidism include tetany and muscle cramps. Hypoparathyroidism is a condition characterized by the underproduction of parathyroid hormone (PTH), leading to low levels of blood calcium. This deficiency in calcium causes various symptoms primarily related to muscle and nerve function. Patients may experience muscle twitching, cramping, spasms, or even convulsions in severe cases. These symptoms arise because low blood calcium increases membrane permeability to sodium, which can cause overexcitation of neural and muscular tissue, leading to the symptoms of tetany and cramps.