Final answer:
An IFR clearance includes the clearance limit, route of flight, altitude(s), and special instructions.
Step-by-step explanation:
An IFR clearance stands for Instrument Flight Rules clearance, which is the authorization given to an aircraft to operate in instrument meteorological conditions (IMC). The normal components of an IFR clearance include the clearance limit, the route of flight, the altitude(s) to be flown, and any special instructions or requirements.
For example, the clearance limit could be an intersection, a VOR station, or a fix along the route. The route of flight includes the assigned airways or routes to be followed. The altitude(s) to be flown are specified by the air traffic controller based on the current air traffic and airspace restrictions. Special instructions or requirements could include holding patterns, speed restrictions, or specific approach instructions.