Final answer:
The best way to avoid/mitigate hazards to flight presented by weather and terrain is through careful planning, monitoring, and decision-making. Pilots rely on weather forecasts, instruments, and training to navigate safely. They can choose alternate routes, adjust altitude, and use established procedures to avoid or overcome weather and terrain hazards.
Step-by-step explanation:
The best way to avoid/mitigate hazards to flight presented by weather and terrain is through careful planning, monitoring, and decision-making. Pilots rely on weather forecasts and updates to ensure they have a clear understanding of the expected weather conditions along their flight route. They also use instruments such as radar and GPS to track their position and navigate around hazardous weather and terrain.
For weather hazards, pilots can choose to take alternate routes to avoid thunderstorms, heavy turbulence, or icing conditions. They can also climb or descend to different altitudes to find more favorable weather conditions. Additionally, pilots receive training on how to interpret weather information and make informed decisions based on the current and forecasted conditions.
When it comes to terrain hazards, pilots use topographic maps and navigation instruments to identify mountains, valleys, and other obstacles along their flight path. They can adjust their altitude and course to avoid flying too close to terrain features that could pose a hazard. Moreover, pilots use established flight procedures, such as instrument approach procedures, to safely navigate and land in areas with challenging terrain.