Final answer:
The outbound timing in a holding pattern depends on the type of navigation system used and is different for VOR, ADF, and intersection. In a VOR, timing starts at the moment the aircraft passes over the VOR station. In ADF and intersection, timing starts when the aircraft starts turning to the outbound heading.
Step-by-step explanation:
The outbound timing of a holding pattern at a VOR, ADF, or intersection depends on the type of navigation system being used.
In a VOR, the outbound timing starts at the moment the aircraft passes over the VOR station. For example, if the outbound leg of a holding pattern is one minute, the aircraft would fly outbound for one minute and then turn back to the VOR.
In an ADF, the outbound timing starts when the aircraft starts turning to the outbound heading. The aircraft would fly outbound for a specific amount of time before making a turn to the inbound leg of the holding pattern.
Similarly, at an intersection, the outbound timing starts when the aircraft starts turning to the outbound heading. The aircraft would fly outbound for a specific amount of time before making a turn to the inbound leg of the holding pattern.