Final answer:
Epinephrine, amiodarone, and lidocaine can be administered intravenously or intraosseously. Amiodarone and lidocaine, as potassium channel blockers, primarily affect the repolarization phase of cardiac action potentials, helping to treat cardiac dysrhythmias.
Step-by-step explanation:
The routes for administering epinephrine (epi), amiodarone, and lidocaine vary depending on the clinical scenario. In emergency situations like cardiac arrest, epinephrine can be delivered through the intravenous (IV) or intraosseous (IO) route. Amiodarone, which is a potassium channel blocker used in the treatment of cardiac dysrhythmias, is typically given via IV or IO in acute settings. Lidocaine, another agent for arrhythmias, can also be administered via IV or IO routes. These medications function by affecting the action potential in cardiac cells.
Potassium channel blockers like amiodarone would affect the repolarization phase of the cardiac action potential. During this phase, potassium ions (K+) normally exit the cell to help restore the negative interior charge. By blocking K+ channels, these drugs prolong repolarization, which can help correct abnormal heart rhythms.