Final answer:
Yes, a substitute sitting on the bench can receive a yellow or red card according to the Laws of the Game set by IFAB. This rule applies to all team members including players and officials on the bench.
Step-by-step explanation:
The answer to the question is a) Yes. According to the Laws of the Game, which are governed by the International Football Association Board (IFAB), yellow or red cards can indeed be shown to substitutes, even if they are sitting on the bench. This rule applies to any person that is part of the team's official squad, including players, substituted players, substituted players, coaches, and other team officials.
For instance, if a substitute player exhibits unsporting behavior while on the bench, the referee has the authority to issue a yellow card as a caution. Similarly, more serious offenses may result in a red card, not only sending the player off for the remainder of the match but also imposing additional sanctions such as suspension from future matches.