Final answer:
A disease diagnosed by a significant reduction in bone mineral density, specifically at least 2.5 standard deviations below the norm, is osteoporosis. It usually affects older adults due to increased bone resorption over bone formation.
Step-by-step explanation:
The disease is diagnosed by a reduction in bone mineral density that is at least 2.5 standard deviations below the average for a given age range is osteoporosis. This condition occurs predominantly in older adults when the rate of bone resorption exceeds that of bone formation. Factors such as hormonal changes, aging, genetic predisposition, and nutrient deficiencies contribute to the development of osteoporosis.
It is important for the prevention of osteoporosis to include dietary intake rich in calcium and vitamin D, along with weight-bearing exercises to build bone mass, particularly before the age of 30. Early lifestyle interventions can greatly reduce the risk of developing this disease.