Final answer:
Vicarious liability is the concept that would cause J to pay for injuries resulting from their son throwing a rock and hitting a neighbor in the head. The correct option is C. Vicarious liability
Step-by-step explanation:
If J's son threw a rock and hit a neighbor in the head, the liability concept that would cause J to pay for injuries as a result is vicarious liability.
Vicarious liability holds a person responsible for the actions of another person, typically in a situation where there is a special relationship between the two parties. In this case, J is liable because their son committed the act while under their supervision and control.
For example, if J's son was under the age of majority and was acting negligently, J could be held responsible for their son's actions. This is because parents are often held legally responsible for the actions of their minor children.
It is important to note that the other options mentioned are not applicable in this scenario. The last clear chance refers to a defense that can be used by a defendant if they had the last opportunity to avoid an accident but failed to do so.
Assumption of risks refers to a plaintiff willingly accepting and understanding the risks involved in a certain activity. Gross negligence refers to a legal concept that involves the defendant's misconduct being more than ordinary negligence. The correct option is C. Vicarious liability