Final answer:
The specific authorization under which an individual can be deprived of liberty or privileges as a punishment for an offense or substandard performance of duty is the due process clause of the Fifth Amendment.
Step-by-step explanation:
The specific authorization under which an individual can be deprived of liberty or privileges as a punishment for an offense or substandard performance of duty is the due process clause of the Fifth Amendment. The Fifth Amendment prohibits the federal government from depriving people of their life, liberty, or property without due process of law. Due process guarantees that people will be treated fairly and impartially by government officials and that consistent and fair procedures will be followed. However, it is important to note that the Patriot Act, passed after the 9/11 attacks, somewhat altered this notion.