Final answer:
The key to a successful landing involves calculating the correct angle to approach with respect to the air mass, considering crosswinds, to align the plane's velocity with the runway. Trigonometry and vector analysis are used in this calculation, and pilots may need to perform last-minute maneuvers such as crabbing or sideslipping for wheel alignment.
Step-by-step explanation:
The key to setting up a landing on final approach is to ensure that the airplane's velocity is parallel to the runway, compensating for any crosswind. To calculate the angle at which the airplane must fly relative to the air mass, you must consider the direction and speed of the runway, the wind speed and direction, and the speed of the plane relative to the air mass. Using trigonometry and vector analysis, you can determine this angle and thus the airplane's ground speed.
After these calculations, you may also need to consider any last-minute maneuvers that the pilot must perform. This might include adjusting the yaw of the airplane to ensure that the wheels are aligned with the runway upon touchdown, a process known as crabbing or side-slipping, depending on the method used. These maneuvers are critical for a safe and efficient landing.