Final answer:
The most frequently indicated surgical procedure following endodontic therapy on a mandibular molar with periodontal-bifurcation involvement and extensive bifurcation caries is a hemisection. This procedure removes part of the affected tooth to preserve its usability. Streptococcus mutans is a key bacteria contributing to tooth decay.
Step-by-step explanation:
The surgical procedure most frequently indicated following endodontic therapy on a mandibular molar with both periodontal-bifurcation involvement and extensive bifurcation caries is a hemisection. This procedure involves the removal of one root and the associated crown part of a molar tooth which is affected by periodontal disease or has severe decay which makes it non-restorable. Hemisection is a treatment option that helps to preserve as much of the natural tooth structure as possible, contributing to better long-term dental health. In contrast fenestration is a surgical procedure to expose the root surface root amputation involves the removal of one or more roots without removing the crown, and apical curettage is the surgical removal of infectious material from the apex of a root canal system.
Check Your Understanding:
Microbes contribute to tooth decay by producing acids from the fermentation of dietary carbohydrates which then demineralize the tooth enamel and dentin. The most important cariogenic species of bacteria is Streptococcus mutans known for its role in the formation of dental plaque and subsequent tooth decay.