Final answer:
Air-filled tubes, also known as air chambers, are incorporated into plumbing systems to prevent the formation of water hammers. They work by absorbing the shock energy created when water flow suddenly stops or changes direction.
Step-by-step explanation:
Plumbing and Air-Filled Tubes
Plumbing systems typically include air-filled tubes near water faucets to help prevent the formation of water hammers. A water hammer occurs when water flow suddenly stops or changes direction, creating a shock wave that can damage plumbing pipes. The air-filled tubes, also known as air chambers, provide a cushion of air that absorbs the shock, preventing water hammers from occurring.
When the water flow is abruptly stopped, the high pressure from the moving water pushes against the trapped air in the air-filled tube, causing the air to compress. This compression absorbs the energy of the moving water and prevents it from creating a shock wave in the pipes. In this way, the air-filled tubes help protect the plumbing system from potential damage.
Example:
Imagine you turn off a faucet suddenly, causing the water flow to stop instantly. Without an air-filled tube, the fast-moving water would hit a solid barrier, creating a shock wave that can cause pressure fluctuations and potential damage to the pipes. However, with an air-filled tube, the sudden stoppage of water creates a compression of air instead, preventing the shock wave from occurring and protecting the plumbing system.