Final answer:
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease of the central nervous system characterized by nerve demyelination. It impairs nerve conduction and transmission due to an attack from activated T cells that cross the blood-brain barrier. Symptoms of MS include visual disturbances, muscle weakness, difficulties with coordination and balance, and cognitive and memory problems.
Step-by-step explanation:
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease of the central nervous system. It is characterized by nerve demyelination due to an attack from activated T cells that cross the blood-brain barrier. Following the initial inflammatory response, damaged myelin forms scar-like plaques in the brain and spinal cord that can impair nerve conduction and transmission.
MS is an example of an autoimmune disease where the body's immune system mistakenly attacks its own myelin, leading to inflammation and damage in the central nervous system. The destruction of myelin impairs the ability of nerves to transmit electrical signals properly, resulting in a range of symptoms such as visual disturbances, muscle weakness, coordination difficulties, and cognitive problems. Currently, there is no known cure for MS.