Final answer:
The DSM-5 requires that a diagnosis of Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) includes a sleep study documenting breathing cessation during sleep due to airway blockage, and recommends treatments such as lifestyle changes and the use of a CPAP machine.
Step-by-step explanation:
The DSM-5 (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition) sets specific criteria for the diagnosis of various mental disorders, including sleep disorders such as Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA). According to this manual, a diagnosis of Obstructive Sleep Apnea requires the patient to undergo a sleep study where significant downturns in blood oxygen levels and episodes of breathing cessation are recorded, typically associated with the blockage of the airway. The DSM-5 also recommends treatments for OSA which commonly include lifestyle changes, and the use of a Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) machine during sleep, which helps keep the airway open by supplying pressurized air to it.
Other treatments that the DSM-5 may suggest are weight loss, avoidance of alcohol and sedative drugs, and changes in the sleeping position. In more severe cases, such as with Central Sleep Apnea, supplemental oxygen may be necessary. It is essential to recognize the symptoms of OSA and seek appropriate treatments to improve sleep quality and overall health.