Final answer:
The palpebral conjunctiva is a mucous membrane that covers the inner surface of the eyelids and protects the anterior surface of the cornea, also playing a key role in distributing tears across the eye's surface.
Step-by-step explanation:
The palpebral conjunctiva is a membrane attached to the inner surface of the eyelids and is responsible for covering the anterior surface of the cornea. Its main role is to protect the eye by providing a barrier and to help in lubricating the eyeball by allowing tears to spread evenly over the surface. The conjunctiva extends over the white areas of the eye, known as the sclera, and helps in defense against pathogens with the assist of the normal conjunctival microbiota. Inflammations of the conjunctiva are referred to as conjunctivitis, which can alter the appearance and function of the conjunctiva.