Question

A student who is struggling with phoneme substitution would be unable to:

a) start with the word "blend" and generate other words like "send," "end," "lend."
b) read the phonemes /th/ and /irst/ and correctly say "thirst"
c) remove the /r/ from "trip" to make the word "tip."
d) replace the letter /o/ in "dog" with /i/ and correctly say "dig."

Answer 1

A student who is struggling with phoneme substitution would have difficulty generating words, reading specific phonemes, and replacing letters in words.

Step-by-step explanation:

A student who is struggling with phoneme substitution would be unable to:

a) start with the word "blend" and generate other words like "send," "end," "lend."

b) read the phonemes /th/ and /irst/ and correctly say "thirst"

c) remove the /r/ from "trip" to make the word "tip."

d) replace the letter /o/ in "dog" with /i/ and correctly say "dig."

Phoneme substitution involves replacing one phoneme with another to create a new word. A student struggling with this skill would find it difficult to perform these tasks, resulting in difficulty with reading and spelling.

Answer 2

A student struggling with phoneme substitution, as seen in dyslexia, would have difficulty with tasks like removing the /r/ from 'trip' to make 'tip', due to impaired phonemic awareness.

Step-by-step explanation:

A student struggling with phoneme substitution would have difficulty with tasks such as changing one sound in a word to produce another word. In the context of dyslexia, a learning disability characterized by difficulties with accurate and/or fluent word recognition and by poor spelling and decoding abilities, this may affect the student's ability to manipulate phonemes. Children with dyslexia often find it challenging to connect phonemes, the smallest units of sound, with their corresponding letters and to manipulate these sounds to form different words. For example, a dyslexic student may mix up letters within words, struggle with spelling, or skip whole words while reading.

When considering the example questions from the student, option (c) "remove the /r/ from 'trip' to make the word 'tip'" specifically pertains to phoneme substitution, where a student with dyslexia might struggle to mentally process and carry out the task of removing the phoneme /r/ from the word 'trip'. This requires a cognitive process known as phonemic awareness, which is often impaired in students with dyslexia. On the other hand, a student with adequate phonemic awareness would typically be able to manipulate sounds in such a way to not only remove sounds but also replace them as shown in the other options.