Final answer:
Lacunar strokes are caused by the occlusion of small arteries that supply deep brain structures, leading to ischemic strokes. Treatment within hours is crucial to potentially prevent lasting damage.
Step-by-step explanation:
Lacunar strokes are a type of ischemic stroke that occur due to the blockage of blood flow in small perforating arteries that supply deep structures of the brain such as the basal ganglia and brainstem.
The obstruction is usually caused by the formation of a blood clot or thickening of the artery wall, which can be exacerbated by conditions like hypertension and diabetes.
The characteristic small cavities, or lacunae, left by the infarcted brain tissue give these strokes their name. Without oxygen and nutrients, brain cells in the affected area die, leading to various neurological deficits depending on the location of the stroke.
Transient ischemic attacks (TIAs), also known as mini-strokes, are related events where the blood flow disruption is temporary and does not result in permanent brain cell death but may indicate a heightened risk of a future stroke.
Proper management of lacunar strokes includes immediate medical attention and possible intervention with clot-busting drugs within a specific time frame to restore blood flow and minimize neurological damage.