Final answer:
With hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, a systolic murmur is typically heard, along with a possible S4 heart sound, indicative of a failing left ventricle. This pathological enlargement of the heart causes turbulent blood flow that leads to murmurs, which are detected through auscultation. The Kentucky gallop or Tennessee gallop may be audible in such individuals.
Step-by-step explanation:
The murmur heard with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is typically a systolic murmur. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is characterized by a pathological enlargement of the heart, which can alter normal blood flow patterns and lead to turbulent blood flow that generates a murmur during auscultation with a stethoscope. The murmur is usually best heard at the left sternal border and may change in intensity with different body positions or maneuvers that affect the volume of blood in the heart, such as squatting or standing. The fourth heart sound, S4, is also typically present due to the stiff or hypertrophic ventricle.
Auscultation might reveal either a Kentucky gallop (S1, S2, and S3 sounds) in younger individuals, athletes, and pregnant people, or a Tennessee gallop (S4, S1, and S2 sounds) indicating a failing left ventricle in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. These heart sounds mimic those produced by a galloping horse. In case of both S3 and S4 being present, it is referred to as S7. The diagnostic process for identifying hypertrophic cardiomyopathy includes phonocardiograms or auscultograms to record heart sounds.