Final answer:
Atropine affects the muscarinic receptors of the autonomic nervous system and can be dangerous due to potential fatal suppression of parasympathetic function. It is not suitable for cosmetic use and can lead to toxicity. Controlled applications or alternatives like antihistamines can be used to avoid adverse effects.
Step-by-step explanation:
Atropine impacts the autonomic nervous system by blocking muscarinic acetylcholine receptors, which can lead to dilated pupils, increased heart rate, and other anticholinergic effects. It is dangerous because at higher doses, it can cause suppression of parasympathetic function and potentially fatal autonomic dysregulation. Atropine should not be used cosmetically, as was historically done with belladonna extract, due to the high risk of toxicity. Furthermore, the berries of the belladonna plant are highly toxic and can be mistakenly ingested. In cases of atropine or scopolamine poisoning, the antidote is pilocarpine, which is a muscarinic agonist.
Atropine is medically used to manage symptoms of nerve agent poisoning and to accelerate slow heart rates. However, safe application methods like the transdermal scopolamine patch for motion sickness, ensure controlled release and prevent dangerous systemic effects. For those seeking alternatives to mitigate risks, antihistamines such as dimenhydrinate (Dramamine®) can be employed.