Final answer:
Atropine is used to overcome the severe effects of Bethanechol by blocking muscarinic acetylcholine receptors. Phenylephrine, a sympathomimetic drug, can also treat bronchoconstriction by dilating the bronchioles. However, ß-blockers should be avoided as they could worsen bronchoconstriction.
Step-by-step explanation:
To overcome the severe cardiovascular and bronchoconstrictor effects of Bethanechol (Urecholine), drugs such as Atropine can be used. Atropine is an anticholinergic that acts as an antagonist to muscarinic acetylcholine receptors, effectively blocking the effects of excess acetylcholine. This can alleviate the symptoms caused by Bethanechol, which might include bronchoconstriction and cardiovascular effects as it stimulates the parasympathetic nervous system.
Other medications that can be considered are sympathomimetic drugs like Phenylephrine, which is an α1-adrenergic agonist. It works by binding to adrenergic receptors in the bronchioles, leading to dilation and relief from bronchoconstriction.
In the cardiovascular context, ß-blockers (Beta-blockers) like metoprolol and propranolol might be inappropriate to use in this situation because they can exacerbate bronchoconstriction. Thus, when considering what can be used to overcome the effects of Bethanechol, the selection of an appropriate antidote such as Atropine and the avoidance of contraindicated drugs like ß-blockers is critical.