Final answer:
Optical coupling can provide input/output isolation. It uses light signals instead of electrical signals to transmit information, providing complete isolation between input and output circuits.
Step-by-step explanation:
Optical coupling can provide input/output isolation. Optical coupling uses light signals instead of electrical signals to transmit information, providing complete isolation between input and output circuits. This is achieved by using an optocoupler or an optoisolator.
Optocouplers consist of a light-emitting diode (LED) on the input side and a phototransistor or photodiode on the output side. When an input voltage is applied to the LED, it emits light that is detected by the phototransistor or photodiode, generating an output voltage.
This isolation is useful in applications where electrical isolation is required to protect sensitive components or circuits from external noise or voltage fluctuations.