Final answer:
Use of Force includes military actions such as enforcement of no-fly zones, humanitarian missions that escalate to combat (e.g., Somalia), pre-emptive or retaliatory actions, and even cyberattacks, mirroring the situation between Russia and Ukraine. It also encompasses the philosophical use of force in defense of personal and property rights, as advocated by libertarian principles.
Step-by-step explanation:
Examples of Use of Force include a variety of military actions carried out by countries in order to protect interests, defend against perceived threats, or enact policy decisions. One clear illustration is the military use of force authorized by the President of the United States since the attack on Pearl Harbor in 1941. This has seen subsequent actions, often supported by Congress. Actions such as the enforcement of a no-fly zone over Libya in 2011, the humanitarian and eventually combative mission in Somalia in 1992, and various military campaigns and strategies such as cyberattacks, media-disinformation, and pre-emptive or retaliatory strikes fall under the umbrella of use of force. Engagement can take the form of direct military action, as seen in the failed mission to capture Mohammed Farah Aidid, which resulted in the loss of U.S. soldiers, or indirect methods like digital warfare employed by Russia against Ukraine.
The concept also extends to the philosophical and ethical justifications for force, such as those presented by libertarian viewpoints that distinguish between defensive and retaliatory force. While libertarians generally oppose the initiation of force, they advocate for the use of force in defense of personal and property rights. Thus, the use of force is multifaceted and can be physical, digital, or even philosophical, involving military, political, and ethical dimensions.