Final answer:
Type wings, MAWs, and COMFAIRs are military entities that research and substantiate the need for deviation requests due to manpower constraints like lost billets. They ensure that military effectiveness is maintained despite personnel shortfalls, and coordinate with the nation primarily responsible for defense.
Step-by-step explanation:
In a military context, when there are manpower constraints such as the loss of authorized billets or "gapped" billets, a specific entity within the military structure is responsible for researching and substantiating the need for a deviation request. This process typically involves type wings, MAWs (Marine Aircraft Wings), or COMFAIRs (Commander, Naval Air Forces) which are parts of the organizational framework in the military that provide support and assistance in these matters. They work to liaise and verify the necessity of deviations that arise strictly from the shortfall in personnel.
The complexity of the military's logistics and operational planning often includes considerations of supporting facilities, airfields, as well as contingencies in the event of the loss of critical resources. Additionally, military doctrine dictates providing assistance as per treaty commitments but emphasizes the primary responsibility of the nation directly threatened to provide the necessary manpower for its defense, as noted in the provided excerpt.