Final answer:
Express and informed consent requires full disclosure of the benefits and risks of treatment, voluntary participation, the potential for withdrawal without penalty, and confidentiality of collected data, ensuring the individual's autonomy is respected.
Step-by-step explanation:
To meet the requirements for express and informed consent, several key elements must be provided to the individual or legal decision maker. First, there must be full disclosure of the benefits and risks associated with the treatment or research. The individual must be fully aware of what to expect, including potential risks and implications, ensuring they can make an informed decision about their participation. Additionally, the consent process must confirm that participation is voluntary and that the individual can withdraw at any time without penalty. If the individual's private health information is to be discussed with others, a signed release must be obtained. Lastly, informed consent documents should be clear that all data collected will be handled with confidentiality. This process upholds the principle of autonomy, allowing patients or participants to exercise self-determination regarding their healthcare or involvement in clinical trials and studies.