Final answer:
The first framing member attached to the foundation or slab is the sill plate. It provides a secure connection point for the building's vertical structures and is usually made of treated lumber. Proper installation must meet local building code requirements and it involves laying a sill seal before securing the sill plate with bolts or straps.
Step-by-step explanation:
The first framing member attached to the foundation or slab is known as the sill plate or sole plate. This is a critical component in the construction process as it serves as a connection point between the foundation and the vertical structures of the building, like the walls. The sill plate is typically made from treated lumber to prevent decay and it is anchored to the foundation using bolts or straps to ensure a secure and stable base for the construction above.
The process of installing a sill plate includes laying down a barrier, such as a sill seal, which acts as a cushion between the concrete and the wood, also serving as a capillary break to keep moisture away. After the sill seal is laid, the sill plate is positioned on top of it, and then properly aligned and secured with the bolts or straps that have been embedded into the foundation or the slab. This step is essential in ensuring the overall integrity and strength of the building structure.
Once the sill plate is in place, vertical framing members, known as studs, can be attached, and the subsequent layers of flooring, walls, and roofs are built upon this initial anchor. It’s important to note that local building codes often dictate specific requirements for sill plate installation, such as the type of wood that must be used, the treatment process, bolting distances, and other specifications.