Final answer:
The Electronic Communications Privacy Act (ECPA) is the law that requires consent from all parties before a conversation can be legally recorded. It focuses on the privacy of electronic communications and sets rules for legal interceptions and access to stored electronic communications.
Step-by-step explanation:
The law that requires both parties to consent to the recording of a conversation is the Electronic Communications Privacy Act (ECPA). This act was passed in 1986 and is designed to extend government restrictions on wire taps from telephone calls to also include transmissions of electronic data by computer. It also prohibits unauthorized interception of electronic communications and sets up requirements for search warrants for access to stored electronic communications.
None of the other options, Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA), USA Patriot Act, or Communications Assistance to Law Enforcement Act (CALEA), specifically address the need for both parties in a conversation to give consent before being legally recorded. HIPAA deals with the protection of patient health information, the Patriot Act broadens federal powers to monitor communications mainly for national security concerns, and CALEA facilitates the ability for law enforcement agencies to conduct surveillance with assistance from telecommunication companies.