Question

8.

A 35-year-old woman came to her appointment for her yearly mammogram and Pap smear. Her physician discussed with her the risk factors for developing breast cancer. The following are risk factors for breast cancer: (Select all that apply.)
a. Personal or family history of breast cancer
b. Early age of menarche
c. Late age at menopause
d. Fibrocystic breast disease
e. Multiparous

Answer 1

The risk factors for developing breast cancer include personal or family history of breast cancer, early age of menarche, late age at menopause, and fibrocystic breast disease. Multiparity is not a risk factor. Routine screening is important for early detection.

Step-by-step explanation:

The risk factors for developing breast cancer are personal or family history of breast cancer, early age of menarche, late age at menopause, and fibrocystic breast disease. Multiparity, or having multiple pregnancies, is not a risk factor for breast cancer.

Personal or family history of breast cancer is a significant risk factor because certain gene mutations, such as BRCA1 and BRCA2, greatly increase the risk of developing breast cancer. Early age of menarche and late age at menopause are also risk factors, as hormonal changes during these periods can affect breast tissue. Fibrocystic breast disease, characterized by lumpy or cystic breasts, is associated with a slightly increased risk of breast cancer.

It is important for women to be aware of these risk factors and undergo routine screening, such as mammograms and Pap smears, to detect breast and cervical cancer early when treatment outcomes are better.