Final answer:
Osteoblasts are responsible for the formation of new bone by secreting an organic matrix called osteoid, which calcifies as mineral salts are deposited on it, leading to the hardening of the bone. During this process, osteoblasts become entrapped in the bone and transform into mature bone cells known as osteocytes.
Step-by-step explanation:
Osteoblasts are specialized bone cells responsible for new bone formation. They produce and secrete osteoid, which is the uncalcified organic portion of the bone matrix made primarily of collagen. In a process called calcification, osteoblasts help in depositing mineral salts into this osteoid, which eventually hardens into bone. Through this process, osteoblasts become entrapped within the newly formed bone and differentiate into osteocytes, which are mature bone cells. Additionally, the ossification process, which involves both the creation of new bone by osteoblasts and the hardening of this bone through calcification, is essential for embryonic development, as well as bone growth and repair throughout a person's life.