Final answer:
Composite materials in ISO texts are materials made from two or more constituents with different properties. They include a matrix and embedded reinforcements like fibers or granules, resulting in enhanced properties such as increased strength and flexibility. Composites are widely used in various industries for their superior performance.
Step-by-step explanation:
Composite materials refer to a class of materials that are formed by combining two or more different materials to produce a new material with enhanced properties. In the context of ISO texts, composites are understood as substances consisting of at least two distinct phases: a matrix, which is the bulk of the material, and reinforcements, such as fibers or granules, that are embedded within the matrix.
The matrix material acts as a binder, holding the reinforcements in place and providing overall shape, while the reinforcements give the composite particular mechanical and physical characteristics.
The production of composites focuses on creating a material that exhibits a synergistic effect—where the combination of the constituent materials yields properties that are superior to those of the individual components. For example, a polymer-matrix composite consists of reinforcing fibers, like glass or carbon fibers, embedded within a polymer matrix such as epoxy or polyester.
These materials combine the strength and stiffness of the fibers with the ductility of the matrix, resulting in materials that are both sturdy and flexible.
Common types of matrices include polymers (e.g., polyester, epoxy), metals, ceramics, and the fibers used are often glass, carbon, or aramid. These components are meticulously selected based on the desired characteristics of the final composite, such as strength, stiffness, heat resistance, and weight. Applications of composites are widespread and can be seen in industries like construction, aerospace, automotive, and marine, where they are used to create structures and products like bridges, car bodies, boat hulls, and more.