Final answer:
India is the country that perfectly exemplifies a monsoonal climate, with the Western Ghats during monsoon season being a prime example. The monsoon rains are crucial for agriculture but also cause significant spatial variability in rainfall and flooding in areas like Bangladesh.
Step-by-step explanation:
India provides a perfect example of a monsoonal climate. The Western Ghats in Maharashtra exemplify the heavy rainfall experienced during the Monsoon season, typically occurring between June and September. This seasonal reversal of winds originates from the Indian Ocean and the Bay of Bengal, leading to significant precipitation across South Asia. The monsoon is essential for India's agriculture, especially in regions like the Ganges River basin, providing the necessary water for crops. However, areas such as the Thar Desert receive very little rainfall, showcasing the spatial variability of the monsoonal climate within the country.
In stark contrast, the northern rim, where the high elevations of the Himalayas are located, prevents the moist monsoon air from crossing over, resulting in a rain shadow effect that creates desert conditions in western China. Moreover, regions such as Bangladesh experience both the benefits of monsoonal rains for agriculture and the curse of severe flooding due to their low-lying coastal geography.