Final answer:
India's official language is Hindi and both Hindi and English act as lingua francas. While Hindi is prevalently spoken in the north, English is crucial for communication especially in the south and for official purposes. Sectarian violence in India is often rooted in religious and ethnic differences among its diverse population.
Step-by-step explanation:
India's National and Official Languages
India does not have a national language, but the nation has designated Hindi as the official language of the Indian government. Additionally, both Hindi and English serve as the lingua francas of the country, facilitating communication across regions with diverse linguistic backgrounds. While Hindi is more commonly used in the north and acts as the lingua franca there, English is frequently utilized in the south as well as in official and administrative contexts across India.
Lingua Franca of India
The Indo-European languages, such as Hindi, dominate northern India, while the Dravidian languages are predominant in the south. English is often the language of intergroup communication, notably within the education system and government, due to its colonial legacy and international prominence.
Sectarian Violence
Sectarian violence refers to conflicts spurred by religious or ethnic divisions. In the context of India, this violence often stems from the tension between various religious groups, like Hindus, Muslims, Sikhs, and others. Such violence can arise from and further exacerbate societal fissures, leading to significant challenges in maintaining communal harmony within a diverse population.